HTML Basic

What is an HTML File? HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language An HTML file is a text file containing small markup tags The markup tags tell the Web browser how to display the page An HTML file must have an htm or html file extension An HTML file can be created using a simple text editor Do You Want to Try It? If you are running Windows, start Notepad. If you are on a Mac start SimpleText. In OSX start TextEdit and change the following preferences: Select (in the preferences window) "Plain text" instead of "Rich text" and then select "Ignore rich text commands in HTML files". This is very important because if you don't do this HTML codes probably won't work. Type in the following text: <>Title of page This is my first homepage. This text is bold Save the file as "mypage.htm". Start your Internet browser. Select "Open" (or "Open Page") in the File menu of your browser. A dialog box will appear. Select "Browse" (or "Choose File") and locate the HTML file you just created - "mypage.htm" - select it and click "Open". Now you should see an address in the dialog box, for example "C:\MyDocuments\mypage.htm". Click OK, and the browser will display the page. Example Explained The first tag in your HTML document is . This tag tells your browser that this is the start of an HTML document. The last tag in your document is . This tag tells your browser that this is the end of the HTML document. The text between the tag and the tag is header information. Header information is not displayed in the browser window. <> tags is the title of your document. The title is displayed in your browser's caption.The text between the The text between the tags is the text that will be displayed in your browser. The text between the and tags will be displayed in a bold font. HTM or HTML Extension? When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .htm or the .html extension. We have used .htm in our examples. It might be a bad habit inherited from the past when some of the commonly used software only allowed three letter extensions. With newer software we think it will be perfectly safe to use .html. Note on HTML Editors: You can easily edit HTML files using a WYSIWYG (what you see is what you get) editor like FrontPage, Claris Home Page, or Adobe PageMill instead of writing your markup tags in a plain text file. But if you want to be a skillful Web developer, we strongly recommend that you use a plain text editor to learn your primer HTML. Frequently Asked Questions Q: After I have edited an HTML file, I cannot view the result in my browser. Why? A: Make sure that you have saved the file with a proper name and extension like "c:\mypage.htm". Also make sure that you use the same name when you open the file in your browser. Q: I have tried to edit an HTML file but the changes don't show in the browser. Why? A: The browser caches your pages so it doesn't have to read the same page twice. When you have changed a page, the browser doesn't know that. Use the browser's refresh/reload button to force the browser to read the edited page. Q: What browser should I use? A: You can do all the training with all of the common browsers, like Internet Explorer, Mozilla, Netscape, or Opera. However, some of the examples in our advanced classes require the latest versions of the browsers. Q: Does my computer have to run Windows? What about a Mac? A: You can do all your training on a non-Windows computer like a Mac. However, some of the examples in our advanced classes require a newer version of Windows, like Windows 98 or Windows 2000.

HTML Basics

html-introduction

Java Script Tutorial

JavaScript is used in millions of Web pages to improve the design, validate forms, detect browsers, create cookies, and much more. JavaScript is the most popular scripting language on the internet, and works in all major browsers, such as Internet Explorer, Mozilla, Firefox, Netscape, Opera. What You Should Already Know Before you continue you should have a basic understanding of the following: HTML / XHTML If you want to study these subjects first, find the tutorials on our . What is JavaScript? JavaScript was designed to add interactivity to HTML pages JavaScript is a scripting language (a scripting language is a lightweight programming language) A JavaScript consists of lines of executable computer code A JavaScript is usually embedded directly into HTML pages JavaScript is an interpreted language (means that scripts execute without preliminary compilation) Everyone can use JavaScript without purchasing a license Are Java and JavaScript the Same? NO! Java and JavaScript are two completely different languages in both concept and design! Java (developed by Sun Microsystems) is a powerful and much more complex programming language - in the same category as C and C++. What can a JavaScript Do? JavaScript gives HTML designers a programming tool - HTML authors are normally not programmers, but JavaScript is a scripting language with a very simple syntax! Almost anyone can put small "snippets" of code into their HTML pages JavaScript can put dynamic text into an HTML page - A JavaScript statement like this: document.write(" " + name + " ") can write a variable text into an HTML page JavaScript can react to events - A JavaScript can be set to execute when something happens, like when a page has finished loading or when a user clicks on an HTML element JavaScript can read and write HTML elements - A JavaScript can read and change the content of an HTML element JavaScript can be used to validate data - A JavaScript can be used to validate form data before it is submitted to a server, this will save the server from extra processing JavaScript can be used to detect the visitor's browser - A JavaScript can be used to detect the visitor's browser, and - depending on the browser - load another page specifically designed for that browser JavaScript can be used to create cookies - A JavaScript can be used to store and retrieve information on the visitor's computer