Tuesday, July 21, 2009

Space knowledge for children

mages of Scientists and Philosophers
Alphabetical by Name


"Portrait of Archimedes," courtesy of Corbis-Bettmann. From photograph of sculpture in the National Museum, Naples.


"Portrait of Aristotle," courtesy of Corbis-Bettmann.


"Portrait of Tycho Brahe," courtesy of The Institute and Museum of the History of Science in Florence, Italy.


"Picture of Giovanni Cassini," courtesy of Corbis-Bettmann


"Portrait of Nicolas Copernicus," courtesy of SPL/Photo Researchers.


"Picture of Marie Curie," Courtesy of The Bettmann Archive


"Picture of Leonardo DaVinci," courtesy of The Bettmann Archive.


"Picture of Democritus," courtesy of The Bettmann Archive.


"Picture of Thomas Edison," Courtesy of The Bettmann Archive


"Picture of Albert Einstein," Courtesy of Tracey Keifer. Emilio Segre Visual Archives. American Institute of Physics.


Picture of Ben Franklin


"Portrait of Galileo," Ottavio Leoni, courtesy of Reunion des Musees Nationaux.


"Portrait of Edmond Halley," courtesy of the Royal Society Library, London.

"Portrait of William Herschel," courtesy of NASA/JPL, California Institute of Technology.


"Picture of Hipparchus," courtesy of Corbis-Bettmann


"Portrait of Christian Huygens," courtesy of SPL/Photo Researchers


"Portrait of Johan Kepler," courtesy of The Bettman Archive. From engraving by MacKenzie.


"Picture of Isaac Newton," courtesy of Corbis-Bettmann


"Picture of Louis Pasteur," courtesy of The Bettmann Archive. From painting by Edelfeld.


"Picture of Plato," courtesy of Corbis-Bettmann. From sculpture in the Vatican, Rome.


"Picture of Ptolemy," courtesy of The Bettmann Archive


"Picture of Pythagoras," courtesy of The Bettmann Archive


"Picture of Ernest Rutherford," Courtesy of The Bettmann Archive. From painting by James Gunn (1932).


"Picture of Socrates," courtesy of The Bettmann Archive

Fun with the Sun

This page contains answers to questions that have to do with the Sun. They explore solar facts, solar activity and much more! Click on a topic to see our "Quickie" questions archive or scroll down for more in-depth answers.

Quickie Fun with the Sun


Movement of the Sun(38 questions)
Interior/Surface(15 questions)
Effects of the Sun(55 questions)
Other(154 questions)


In-depth questions and answers

1)What is the diameter of the Sun?
2)How can I look at a solar eclipse?
3)When is the next solar storm expected? What effects could you expect? How far away from the Sun does a solar flare shoot?
4)How hot is the Sun? How long does it take the suns rays to reach Earth?
5)How old is the Sun? What will happen when the Sun turns into a nebula?
6)Is there any uppermost temperature? Is it possible to measure the temperature in the core of a star?
7)What are the main differences between the sun and other stars?
8)How far is the Earth from the Sun, the Moon and all the other planets? How far are all of the planets from the Sun? Do you know of a software that tracks the planets in real-time?

Moon Madness

This page contains answers to questions that have to do with the moon. They explore lunar missions, facts and trivia about the Moon and much more! Click on a topic to see our "Quickie" questions archive or scroll down for more in-depth answers.

Quickie Moon Madness


Movement of the Moon(23 questions)
Interior/Surface(13 questions)
Phases/Viewing(23 questions)
Other(113 questions)


In-depth questions and answers

1)"That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind."...planned or spontaneous?
2)Why haven't there been more lunar landings in recent years?
3)Is the Moon hot or cold?
4)Why can't you see the far side of the Moon?
5)What is the period of the Moon? the Earth? How long does it take Mars to rotate on its axis?
6)How does the phenomena of "seasons" occur. Why would it be summer in Maryland when it is winter in the southern hemisphere? Does the Moon have seasons?
7)Why does the Moon have an orange color in the Fall?
8)Why is the Moon moving away from the Earth? Will it just keep on going?
9)Is the Moon round? Diameter, weight, distance, age of the Moon? Internal structure? Is anyone buried on the Moon? and more!
10)What are maria? What are highlands? Phase of the Moon on certain date? Traveling from one phase to another? Moon tilt? If Moon spun twice? and more!
11)Were the Moon landings faked? What about the flag "waving in the breeze"? Who took the astronauts' picture if noone else was on the Moon at the time?

Extraordinary Earth

This page contains answers to questions that have to do with the Earth. They explore geology, the environment, our weather and much more! Click on a topic to see our "Quickie" questions archive or scroll down for more in-depth answers.

Quickie Extraordinary Earth


Movement of the Earth (74 questions)
Gravity/Magnetism (15 questions)
Interior/Surface (46 questions)
Atmosphere/Weather (41 questions)
Oceans/Water (11 questions)
Sun/Moon Effects (23 questions)
Other (418 questions)


In-depth questions and answers

1)Why is the sky blue?
2)What is the velocity of the Earth?
3)How many man-made satellites are currently orbiting the Earth?
4)If natural resouces (natural gas, oil, and coal) are formed by extreme pressure acting on material made mainly of carbon, why don't we send large amounts of useless carbon based things to Venus where there is very extreme surface pressure?
5)What is the period of the Earth? the Moon? How long does it take for Mars to rotate on its axis?
6)Why is the ocean blue?
7)How does the phenomena of "seasons" occur. Why would it be summer in Maryland when it is winter in the southern hemisphere? Does the Moon have seasons?
8)Are there any places that you can become weightless other than space?
9)If the Earth is round like a ball, why aren't we standing at odd angles around it?
10)What is the white we see coming off an airplane in the sky?
11)What is the climate like in the desert? What kinds of life can you find there? How do they handle the conditions in the desert?
12)Does wind have an effect on radio waves?
13)What are isotherms and isobars?
14)Is a meteor going to crash into Earth in 2028? What can we do?!?
15)Why is the Moon moving away from the Earth? Will it just keep on going?
16)How are temperature and humidity related?
17)What is gravity and how does it work?
18) Why does the temperature in our atmosphere vary?
19)Earth's perihelion, aphelion, circumference, rotational and orbital speed...and more?
20)How far is the Earth from the Sun, the Moon and all the other planets? How far are all of the planets from the Sun? Do you know of a software that tracks the planets in real-time?
21)Were the Moon landings faked? What about the flag "waving in the breeze"? Who took the astronauts' picture if noone else was on the Moon at the time?

Other Solar System Stuff

This page contains answers to questions that have to do with the solar system (excluding the Sun, Earth, and Moon). They explore man-made satellites, the planets and their moons, comets, asteroids and much more! Click on a topic to see our "Quickie" questions archive or scroll down for more in-depth answers.

Quickie Other Solar System Stuff


Mercury(72 questions)
Venus(96 questions)
Mars and Its Moons(125 questions)
Jupiter and Its Moons(116 questions)
Saturn and Its Moons(87 questions)
Uranus and Its Moons(87 questions)
Neptune and Its Moons(69 questions)
Pluto and Its Moon(86 questions)
Asteroids/Meteors/Meteroids/Comets(29 questions)
Other(386 questions)


In-depth questions and answers

1)Why is Jupiter called a gas planet?
2)Do you think that in another century the human race will be able to travel to Pluto?
3)Does Mars have a core like Earth?
4)Who will be the first person on Mars?
5)How many man-made satellites are currently orbiting the Earth?
6)If natural resources (natural gas, oil, and coal) are formed by extreme pressure acting on material made mainly of carbon, why don't we send large amounts of useless carbon based things to Venus where there is very extreme surface pressure?
7)Do planets in the solar system crash?
8)What would life be like if humans lived on Mars?
9)When a satellite is held in orbit, what is it orbiting relative to? What's so special about the orbit of geosynchronous satellites?
10)How long does it take for Mars to rotate on its axis? What is the period of the Earth? the Moon?
11)What can you tell me about Planet X, the unknown planet?
12)What lifeform could live on Jupiter or Mars?
13)Is a meteor going to crash into Earth in 2028? What can we do?!?
14)What is the gravity assist, swingby approach used with spacecraft?
15)Who discovered all the planets?
16)Why haven't we sent a manned mission to Mars?
17)What are the most commonly used symbols for the planets, the Sun, and the Moon?
18)Is Pluto really a planet?
19)What are the retrograde motions of planets in the sky?
20)How many planets orbit the sun? I was wondering if there is a new planet? Are there any objects that orbit the sun that are not in the same plane as the planets, excluding pluto, comets, asteroids? Do we know any names to any other planets than those in our solar system? If yes, could you give me any examples?
21)How far is the Earth from the Sun, the Moon and all the other planets? How far are all of the planets from the Sun? Do you know of a software that tracks the planets in real-time?

Astronomy Anomalies

This page contains answers to questions that have to do with the interesting objects in the universe. They explore stars, black holes, quasars, pulsars and much more! Click on a topic to see our "Quickie" questions archive or scroll down for more in-depth answers.

Quickie Astronomy Anomalies


Big Bang(21 questions)
Black Holes(47 questions)
Stars & Constellations(66 questions)
Galaxies(56 questions)
Universe(37 questions)
Other(127 questions)


In-depth questions and answers

1)What is the edge of the universe like? Will we be able to go past it someday?
2)Is it possible to travel through time?
3)Is there an object in the universe that can travel faster than the speed of light?
4)How much (in meters) is a black hole's diameter? What would happen if you got sucked into a black hole?
5)What is the biggest star discovered? And how big is that star?
6)How can a neutrino be detected?
7)What do you know about the 'Star of Bethlehem' that was mentioned in the New Testament of the Holy Bible?
8)Is there any uppermost temperature? Is it possible to measure the temperature in the core of a star?
9)If I wanted to become an astronomer, how would I go about doing that?
10)How do astronomers measure the distance to stars? Is it accurate?
11)What are Cepheid variables?
12)How does the ratio of the amounts of hydrogen to helium in a star affect what kind of star it is and what kind of light it gives off?
13)What is dark matter, and what are the problems with it?
14)Did the Big Bang create black holes?
15)What is the farthest thing I can see with my own eyes, and the farthest thing I can see with an amateur telescope, and the farthest-away thing the biggest telescopes on Earth can see?
16)What are the main differences between the sun and other stars?
17) How do people tell how old a star is?
18) How far across is the Milky Way? At a given time how can one locate the center of our galaxy as we orbit the Sun and the Sun orbits the galaxy? Is our solar system moving away from the center of the galaxy? How many years does it take the Sun to orbit the center of the galaxy? Specifically, where in the universe can our solar system be found?


Phascinating Physics

This page contains answers to questions that have to do with physics. They explore time, the speed of light, the universal forces and much more! Click on a topic to see our "Quickie" questions archive or scroll down for more in-depth answers.

Quickie Phascinating Physics


Gravity/Light/Magnetism(42 questions)
Space-Time/Relativity(12 questions)
Particle Physics(13 questions)
Chemistry(30 questions)
Other(241 questions)


In-depth questions and answers

1)Is it possible to travel through time?
2)Is there an object in the universe that can travel faster than the speed of light?
3)What are the universal forces?
4)Why are atoms "smashed" in an accelerator? What is learned by that process?
5)How can a neutrino be detected?
6)Can you blow bubbles in space?
7)How do scientists know what an atom looks like, to make a model of one?
8)If 2 cars are traveling at the speed of light and the one in the back turns on its headlights, would the car in front be able to see them?
9)Is it true that positrons run down the time and electrons run up the time?
10)Are there any places that you can become weightless other than space?
11)If the Earth is round like a ball, why aren't we standing at odd angles around it?
12)Why is it said that a person traveling in spaceships at near speed of light comes back younger than his counterpart on earth?
13)What is Schrodinger's cat paradox?
14)What is the gravity assist, swingby approach used with spacecraft?
15)What is twice as cold as zero?
16)What is gravity and how does it work?
17)How do airplanes fly?

Humans and the Things They Do

This page contains answers to questions that have to do with human life. They explore human biology, science professions, science projects and much more! Click on a topic to see our "Quickie" questions archive or scroll down for more in-depth answers.

Quickie Humans and the Things They Do


Astronauts/Astronomers(21 questions)
Other Scientists(33 questions)
Technology(49 questions)
Space Missions(104 questions)
Other Things They Do(241 questions)


In-depth questions and answers

1)"That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind."...planned or spontaneous?
2)What things can students do as homework science projects?
3)Do you think that in another century the human race will be able to travel to Pluto?
4)What does it take to become an astronaut?
5)Who will be the first person on Mars?
5)Does the millennium actually begin on January 1, 2000, or on January 1, 2001?
6)What would life be like if humans lived on Mars?
7)Do different parts of the body demonstrate different degrees of two-point discrimination?
8)Are there any places that you can become weightless other than space?
9)What do you know about the 'Star of Bethlehem' that was mentioned in the New Testament of the Holy Bible?
10)If I wanted to become an astronomer, how would I go about doing that?
11)Why haven't we sent a manned mission to Mars?

Alive and Living

This page contains answers to questions that have to do with life in the Universe. They explore life on Earth and the prospect of life in places other than Earth! Click on a topic to see our "Quickie" questions archive or scroll down for more in-depth answers.

Quickie Alive and Living


Humans(38 questions)
Animals(37 questions)
Plants(12 questions)
Extraterrestrials(35 questions)
Other(83 questions)


In-depth questions and answers

1)Do you think there might be life on other planets?
2)What would life be like if humans lived on Mars?
3)Do different parts of the body demonstrate different degrees of two-point discrimination?
4)What lifeform could live on Jupiter or Mars?
5)What is the climate like in the desert? What kinds of life can you find there? How do they handle the conditions in the desert?

Images & Multimedia

Here you will find links to all sorts of pictures, animations, videos, sounds, and interactive multimedia that are on Windows to the Universe

You need special software or hardware to view some of these items. Does your computer have the software and hardware it needs to access these items? To find out, click here.

Image Galleries

Animations, Video & Audio

Interactive Multimedia

Software and Hardware Needed to Access These Features

You need special software or hardware to view some types of multimedia files. Your computer must have a sound card and speakers or headphones if you want to listen to audio clips or videos that include audio. Animated GIF files do not require any special software or plugins, so you should be able to view those without trouble with a standard web browser such as Internet Explorer, Netscape, or Safari. Many multimedia files (including animated GIFs) are large, and may take a long time to download if you do not have a fast Internet connection.

Some animations and videos are presented as QuickTime files. Click here to see whether you have an up-to-date version of QuickTime, and to get the most recent version if you do not.

Some animations and interactive multimedia activities are presented as Flash files. Most browsers include Flash when they are installed on your computer, but you may need to upgrade to the latest version of the free Flash player. Click here to see whether you have the latest version of Flash, and to get the newest version if you do not.

Some animations and videos are presented as MPEG files. Go to our Plugins Page to get the software needed to view those if you don't already have it.

Tours

Welcome to our tours section! Click on one of the many tours listed below to be guided through a topic. Remember to choose the level that you prefer before entering a tour by clicking one of the three levels that are at the top of this page.

On the top of each page in the tour you will see this:

  • To move forwards through the tour, click the Forward arrow.
  • To move backwards through the tour, click the Back arrow.
  • To come back to this page and choose a different tour, click the blue button called Go on another tour!
The Evidence of Evolution Exploratour
Charged Particle Motion in Earth's Magnetosphere
A Peek into the Lives of Stars
Looking at the World in a Different Light
How to Build a star
Spectacular Crashes in the Universe
Volcanoes in the Solar System
Life on Earth
Life in the Solar System
NASA's Exploration for Life
The Archean Age
The Surface of the Earth
The Surface of Mars
Comparing the Surfaces of Earth and Mars
The Atmosphere of Mars
Life on Mars??
Mars Exploration
Water on Mars
Mars Climate, Now and In the Past
Picturebook: Mars Pathfinder/Global Surveyor
Carbon Cycle of Mars
The Magnetosphere of Mars
Space Weather

Space Weather is the term scientists use to describe the everchanging conditions in space. Explosions on the Sun create storms of radiation, fluctuating magnetic fields, and swarms of energetic particles. These phenomena travel outward through the Solar System with the solar wind. Upon arrival at Earth, they interact in complex ways with Earth's magnetic field, creating Earth's radiation belts and the Aurora. Some space weather storms can damage satellites, disable electric power grids, and disrupt cell phone communications systems.

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